H2S + CS2 + COS + O3 + NOx + SOx  -->  H2O + N2 + Sulfur + Carsuls

The SWAP reduces all existing gaseous oxides and other reactive components including NOx, SOx, O3, COS, CS2, CO, H2S, CO2 and mercaptans. Flue gas cleanup may have the single biggest impact on industry and climate change. Refining operations already have sulfur plants and gas streams containing H2S, increasing the feasibility of integrating SWAP technology. Processes requiring additional H2S may generate requisite amounts on-site using the SWAP sulfur cycle, which reacts any waste hydrocarbon with sulfur to form H2S and carsuls.

2H2S + CO2 + CH4 --> 2H2O + Sulfur + Carsuls + CH4

Sour natural gas is fed into a SWAP reactor where the gas is sweetened; CO2 and H2S are converted into water, sulfur and carsuls. The SWAP has been verified to reduce H2S to below 4ppb and convert a proportional quantity of CO2. The SWAP may be ideal for remote sour gas fields and for tail gas cleanup in Claus plants.

Waste HC + Sulfur --> H2S + Carsuls + Byproducts

H2S  -->  H2 + Sulfur

The SWAP enables operators to generate H2S from hydrocarbon waste which would otherwise need to be landfilled. The SWAPSOL sulfur cycle also allows for related reactions that can produce hydrogen from hydrogen sulfide. For refiners this may be a cost-effective solution for hydrogen recovery.

2H2S + CO2 --> 2H2O + Sulfur + Carsuls

The SWAP reduces human impact on climate change. The SWAP is not a carbon capture process but a verified CO2 elimination process. The SWAP creates incentives for carbon emitting industries to institute on-site carbon capture programs, making the reactants available for processing rather than sequestration.

Carsuls + Heat --> Carbon + Sulfur

Utilization of carsuls formed by the destruction of waste hydrocarbons and other SWAP reactions may create entirely new industries, as they may become the building block for many new products, including applications in the electronics, automotive and construction industries.